ArticlePloS one2026
Development of an indirect ELISA for the detection of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus specific antibodies in horses.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen to which equines are most susceptible mammals hosts with a high mortality rate raging from19 to 83%. The virus, transmitted between vertebrates and mosquitos, causes unpredictable sporadic epizootic outbreaks in equids and humans across Central and South America. Although VEEV is not currently circulating in Europe the combination of global change, increasing international trade and the presence of potentially competent vectors (mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culex), raises a non-negligible risk of its introduction. In response, the European Commission mandated the European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for equine diseases to establish an easy-to-implement and fast serological method for detecting VEEV infection in horses. The study aimed to develop a sensitive and specific in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the E2 glycoprotein of VEEV. The assay was evaluated using 469 samples from non-infected horses, naturally infected horses (with VEEV and/or eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and/or western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV)), and horses vaccinated against EEEV/WEEV. The ELISA demonstrated robust diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity and 93.8%. This assay is therefore an easy-to-implement diagnostic method, offering an alternative to virus neutralization. It is suitable for sero-epidemiological studies to accurately determine the distribution of VEEV in the America and to monitor potential introduction of the virus in new area, includingEurope.
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