Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42268735›Full record

ArticleeLife2026

Purified zymogens reveal mechanisms of snake venom metalloproteinase auto-activation.

Sophie Hall, Iara Aime Cardoso, Mark C Wilkinson, Maria Molina Carretero, Srikanth Lingappa, Bronwyn Rand, Dakang Shen, Johara Boldrini-França, Richard Stenner, Stefanie Kate Menzies and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Sophie HallSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-6004
Iara Aime CardosoSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-4706
Mark C WilkinsonCentre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Maria Molina CarreteroSchool of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Srikanth LingappaSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-5512
Bronwyn RandSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0997-6217
Dakang ShenSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5327-1185
Johara Boldrini-FrançaSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Richard StennerSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Stefanie Kate MenziesCentre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-9296
Georgia BalchinSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Konrad Kamil HusSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Renaud VincentelliArchitecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257 CNRS-Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
Andrew MumfordSchool of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Alastair PooleBristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0868-297X
Nicholas R CasewellCentre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-4719
Imre BergerSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-9045
Christiane SchaffitzelSchool of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1516-9760

Funding

European Commission 101149867European Commission 10.3030/899670UK Research and Innovation BB/Y007581/1Wellcome Trust 10.35802/221708
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Snake venoms contain diverse mixtures of toxins that evolved to incapacitate prey, but in humans, they cause extensive pathology following snakebite envenomation. In viper venom, some of the most potent toxins are the haemorrhagic and coagulopathic snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). Because venoms contain an SVMP cocktail and due to their cytotoxicity, SVMP characterisations have been hampered by the lack of purified enzymes. By incorporating their prodomain, which blocks the active SVMP site, we overcame their cytotoxicity and enabled recombinant production of zymogens from all three structurally variable SVMP classes (PI, PII, and PIII) using our baculovirus/insect cell expression system. Zymogens were auto-activated by incubation with Zn

Indexed as

Enzyme PrecursorsMetalloproteasesSnake VenomsAnimalsBaculoviridaeEnzyme ActivationHumansProteolysisRecombinant ProteinsZincEnzyme PrecursorsMetalloproteasesRecombinant ProteinsSnake VenomsZincbaculovirus insect cell expressionbiochemistrychemical biologyechis speciesmetalloprotease zymogenssnake venom metalloproteinasesSVMP auto--activation mechanismsvenom toxin biochemistry

Identifiers

PMID42268735
PMCPMC13252954

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.