Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42267641›Full record

ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

A lifespan staging model of basal forebrain cholinergic vulnerability.

Hayley R C Shanks, Sherry Chen, Kate M Onuska, Taylor W Schmitz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. A lifespan staging model of basal forebrain cholinergic vulnerability.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hayley R C ShanksSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-7170
Sherry ChenSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Kate M OnuskaDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Taylor W SchmitzSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

Alzheimer's Society of Canada 176677Alzheimer's Society of Canada 22-11CIHR 193293CIHR 453677
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain are among the most vulnerable cell types to age- and Alzheimer's disease-related dysfunction and neurodegeneration. However, the biological bases of basal forebrain cholinergic vulnerability (the why) and the temporal sequence (the how) have yet to be fully resolved. In this review, we summarize multi-disciplinary evidence to present a lifespan staging model of basal forebrain cholinergic vulnerability, which outlines how converging biological stressors position these neurons to fail. We trace the origins of basal forebrain cholinergic vulnerability from evolutionary and neurodevelopmental pressures, which ultimately interact with midlife stressors to culminate in two divergent trajectories of cholinergic aging: resilient and vulnerable. Lastly, we highlight that the branch point in cholinergic aging trajectories may serve as a critical window for intervention if sensitive, specific, and clinically scalable in vivo cholinergic biomarkers can be developed.

Indexed as

AgingAlzheimer DiseaseBasal ForebrainCholinergic NeuronsAnimalsHumansagingAlzheimer's diseasebasal forebraincholinergicresilienceselective vulnerabilitystaging

Identifiers

PMID42267641
PMCPMC13250843

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.