Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42267629›Full record

ReviewReviews in medical virology2026

Immunological Interactions Between Gammadelta T Cells and West Nile Virus in the Infected Host.

E Cimini, E Tartaglia, F Cristofanelli, S Gili, F Maggi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Reviews in medical virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

E CiminiLaboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- IRCCS, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-0868
E TartagliaLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
F CristofanelliLaboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
S GiliLaboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
F MaggiLaboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosafety, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- IRCCS, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-5271

Funding

Italian Ministry of Health
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Between mosquitoes and birds, West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus, an arthropod-borne pathogen involved in an enzootic cycle. Additionally, it can infect both people and horses, leading to severe illness. Since 1999, WNV has spread across North and South America, including Mexico and the Caribbean. It is endemic in several regions of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. WNV affects the central nervous system (CNS), causing severe disease in a small percentage of infected individuals, especially in immunocompromised or elderly hosts. This re-emerging pathogen was identified during an outbreak in July 2025 in the Lazio region of Italy, rekindling interest in an area where the virus had not circulated for some time and raising several questions about the WNV vector and its spread. Gammadelta T (γδ T) lymphocytes are innate cells that can respond rapidly and non-specifically to viral infections and other pathogens, thereby linking innate and adaptive immunity. Several studies in mice and humans suggest they play distinct roles in controlling WNV infection by communicating with other immune cells, underscoring their antiviral role, which is essential for containing viral dissemination in the host. This review will discuss recent studies on the role of γδ T cells in viral pathogenesis and in protective immunity during WNV infection.

Indexed as

Host-Pathogen InteractionsIntraepithelial LymphocytesReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusAdaptive ImmunityAnimalsHumansImmunity, InnateReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaantiviral activitygammadelta T cellsinnate immunityprotective innate immunitywest nile virus

Identifiers

PMID42267629
PMCPMC13250970

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.