ArticleThe European journal of neuroscience2026
Effortful Control and Cortical Brain Structure in 5-Year-Old Children: Findings From the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.
Article in The European journal of neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effortful Control and Cortical Brain Structure in 5-Year-Old Children: Findings From the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the associations between an aspect of self-regulation (SR), effortful control (EC) and cortical brain structure in 5-year-old children. Efficient EC is a predictor of many attributes and important outcomes in life, such as social-emotional functioning, finance, psychiatric and somatic health. The early brain correlates of EC are not widely studied, and a better understanding of them would aid in understanding how self-regulatory capacities emerge over development. Participants (N = 155) were a part of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study in Finland. T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images were processed using FreeSurfer. The data were statistically analysed with a vertex-wise general linear model. At the age of 5 years, EC was assessed via parental report using The Children's Behaviour Questionnaire. We found positive associations between EC and cortical volume in the left supramarginal region and in the right inferior temporal region. We also found positive associations between EC and surface area on the left hemisphere in the superior parietal region. We extended the previous literature by shedding light on early structural brain correlates of EC in a large sample of typically developing 5-year-olds. The main results differed significantly from previous findings in older children. The results were only present with questionnaire- and not task-based evaluation of EC. Both questionnaire and task-based evaluations are required to consider different aspects of EC and SR. In addition, longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the neural underpinnings of SR throughout development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.