ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Surgical outcomes of Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology diagnostic category class I, II, and III thyroid nodules.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: According to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, surgery is recommended for Bethesda classes I-III thyroid nodules only in selected situations, such as large or growing tumors with compressive symptoms or clinical suspicion of malignancy. Clinical findings and cytopathologic evaluation are often considered together to reduce discrepancies between preoperative cytology and final pathology. This study aimed to evaluate surgical outcomes in Bethesda classes I-III nodules and to identify risk factors predictive of malignancy. Methods: In this retrospective review, we included patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda classes I-III based on preoperative US-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) between 2010 and 2020. We collected data including preoperative cytopathology and ultrasound findings to analyze the risk factors related to malignancy and to evaluate treatment outcomes. Results: Among 192 patients, carcinoma was confirmed in 62 (32.3%). The malignancy rates for Bethesda classes I, II, and III were 23.5%, 20.4%, and 49.4%, respectively. The malignant histologic types included papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC; Conclusion: Bethesda class III nodules showed a higher risk of malignancy. Surgical intervention should be considered, particularly when AUS-N/A is identified in Bethesda class III nodules. Even in cases where carcinoma was confirmed after surgery for Bethesda classes I, II, and III, the probability of recurrence was very low and the prognosis is favorable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.