ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Global health trajectories: analysis of health production functions and inequality decomposition.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- State-level nutritional disparities and policy priorities in India.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Global health progress accelerated from 2000 to 2019, followed by severe disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides a demographic and econometric assessment of Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) trends, associations between socioeconomic factors and health service coverage, and projections to 2030 under alternative policy scenarios. Because the analysis is observational, findings should be interpreted as associations rather than causal effects. Methods: We applied a continuous-change demographic decomposition to partition HALE gains (2000-2019) and pandemic losses (2019-2021) across 22 causes of death and 10 age groups in 167 countries. Country and year fixed-effects panel regressions estimated associations between health determinants and six outcomes-HALE, under-five mortality (U5MR), maternal mortality (MMR), UHC Service Coverage Index (SCI), catastrophic health spending, and DTP3 immunization-over 2000-2021. Socioeconomic inequality in DTP3 coverage was measured using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) from 88 DHS/MICS surveys (2014-2023). Dynamic simulation models projected outcomes to 2030 under business-as-usual, primary health care expansion, and accelerated equity-focused reform scenarios with Monte Carlo uncertainty. Robustness checks used Driscoll-Kraay standard errors for cross-sectional dependence and system GMM for dynamic panel specification; results were consistent with the main findings. Findings: Global HALE increased by 5.25 years (95% CI: 4.89-5.61) from 2000 to 2019, with communicable disease reductions accounting for an estimated 65% of gains. The pandemic reduced HALE by 1.50 years globally, with COVID-19 responsible for over 80% of losses and substantial regional heterogeneity. The estimated income association for HALE was 0.687 ( Interpretation: HALE gains have relied largely on communicable disease control, now approaching diminishing returns. Persistent inequalities and pandemic setbacks highlight the need for equity-focused financing and gender-responsive reforms, while future quasi-experimental and intervention studies are needed to confirm these observational findings.
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