ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
Transcriptomic signatures and immune microenvironment of acute rejection after heart transplantation: an integrated bioinformatics analysis.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Histologic assessment of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) remains the standard for diagnosing acute cardiac allograft rejection, yet molecular profiling may provide complementary quantitative insights. Methods: Microarray data (GSE2596; GPL1053) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Acute rejection (R, Results: Among 3,968 genes, 1,032 were differentially expressed (FDR<0.05), including 135 with |log2FC|>1. Upregulated genes included HLA-DMA, DEF6, TRB@, and CD74. Enrichment analysis highlighted interferon signaling, T-cell receptor signaling, chemokine pathways, and antigen presentation. Immune scoring indicated increased monocytic, B-lineage, and T/cytotoxic lymphocyte signals in rejection. The diagnostic model achieved strong discrimination (5-fold AUC=0.993). qPCR confirmed coordinated upregulation of interferon-related (Ifng, Stat1), chemokine (Cxcl10), and cytotoxic (Prf1) genes in transplanted grafts. Conclusions: Acute rejection EMB transcriptomes demonstrate coordinated interferon-driven immune activation. A compact gene signature shows strong internal diagnostic performance, supported by experimental validation, warranting external confirmation.
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