Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2026
Immunogenetic HLA-DQ and IgG serological profiles in individuals with self-reported wheat/gluten sensitivity: a retrospective real-world evidence study.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Many patients report adverse symptoms following wheat/gluten consumption. As "Self-Reported Wheat/Gluten Sensitivity" lacks gold-standard biomarkers, characterizing biological profiles in Western populations is essential for precision management. This study analyzes immunogenetic (HLA-DQ) and serological (IgG) patterns in a real-world clinical cohort. Methods: A retrospective observational study used Real-World Evidence (RWE) from 100 symptomatic individuals (2019-2024) selected via non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Participants underwent HLA-DQ genotyping and serum IgG reactivity testing for wheat/gluten via a validated ELISA-based assay. Data normality was formally assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, revealing a non-parametric distribution ( Results: A 100% cumulative frequency of HLA-DQ susceptibility variants was observed. The immunogenetic landscape revealed complex heterozygosity: DQ1 was most prevalent (56%), followed by DQ2 (54%), DQ3 (40%), and DQ8 (33%). DQ8 ( Discussion: Findings reveal a ubiquitous HLA-DQ frequency, suggesting a consistent genetic background in symptomatic individuals that significantly exceeds prevalence in the general Western population. This enriched 'mosaic' may facilitate immune activation. Furthermore, the observed IgG cross-reactivity validates the 'wheat/gluten complex' as a synchronized immunological unit, supporting a transition toward biomarker-informed nutrition in real-world settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.