SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2026
Efficacy and safety of combined immune therapy for advanced cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Combination therapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer a viable treatment option for advanced cervical cancer. The effect of these treatments on patient survival is still unknown despite a large number of trials. The effectiveness and safety of ICI combination therapy for advanced cervical cancer are assessed in this study. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed when conducting a meta-analysis. A thorough search for literature of four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library) yielded the results. ICI combinations and ICI-based dual combinations were the two types of regimens. Based on PD-L1 expression, baseline patient characteristics, and treatment plan, subgroup analysis was predetermined. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), 18-month PFS rate, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were among the outcomes of interest. Results: The analysis includes 18 trials with 4,441 participants. ICI combinations significantly improved OS (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.60 - 0.78) and PFS (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.61 - 0.75), and resulted in a higher ORR (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.24) and DCR (RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.06). Dual ICI therapy did not show significant improvement in PFS at 12 months (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.86-1.86), but demonstrated a notable improvement at 18 months (RR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.04-2.87). The ORR and DCR were comparable between single and dual ICI regimens. Safety was generally well-managed, with a slight increase in adverse events for both combination regimens and dual ICIs. Subgroup analysis revealed that ICB combination therapy resulted in better PFS and OS for PD-L1+ patients, younger patients (< 65 years old), and those with squamous cell carcinoma histology. Conclusion: In patients with advanced cervical cancer, multi-agent regimens that combine chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapy with ICIs greatly enhance clinical results while reducing toxicity. Combined ICI therapy could offer a way to overcome resistance, even though it failed to vary significantly from monotherapy in regard to efficacy or safety-a feature that has to be validated by further randomized controlled trials. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD420251266881.
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