ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and its impact on quality of life.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) is an aggressive oral malignancy with rapid progression, high recurrence, and poor survival. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical expression of p63 and EGFR, and quality of life (QOL) in PDSCC compared to well-differentiated SCC (WDSCC). Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 78 histopathologically confirmed OSCC cases (39 PDSCC and 39 WDSCC) from 2019-2025 were analyzed. Histopathological parameters including tumor size, depth of invasion, perineural and lympho-vascular invasion, were recorded. Immunohistochemistry was performed on representative samples using p63 and EGFR. QOL was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N43. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square/Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test; survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test. Bonferroni correction was applied, with significance set at p < 0.001. Results: PDSCC showed shorter lesion duration compared to WDSCC. Significant differences were observed in anatomical site distribution, mitotic activity, and keratin pearl formation, reflecting the higher aggressiveness of PDSCC. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced p63 and aberrant EGFR expression, though differences were not statistically significant. QOL was comparatively lower in PDSCC. Survival analysis confirmed inferior outcomes in PDSCC (mean survival 1.27 years) versus WDSCC (3.28 years, p < 0.001). Conclusion: PDSCC exhibits aggressive pathology and compromised QOL, underscoring the need for early recognition and biomarker-based prognostication.
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