ArticleEuropean clinical respiratory journal2026
Does asthma treatment influence COVID-19 severity? A comparative cohort study of SMART vs. Traditional therapy.
Article in European clinical respiratory journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that can be managed using Single Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (SMART) or traditional therapy with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) for maintenance and short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) for relief. This study evaluated whether SMART therapy affects COVID-19 severity compared to traditional therapy among patients with moderate to severe asthma. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Adult patients with moderate to severe asthma and confirmed COVID-19 infection in 2021-2022, were included. COVID-19 severity was classified as mild (outpatient care only) or severe (emergency department visits, hospitalization, ICU admission, or death). Patients were categorized into SMART or traditional therapy groups based on pharmacy records. Multivariable robust Poisson regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. 6,608 patients were included, with 269 (4.1%) receiving SMART and 6,339 (95.9%) receiving traditional therapy. No significant difference in COVID-19 severity was observed between SMART and traditional therapy (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.01, 95% CI: 0.71-1.38). However, higher corticosteroid use was noted in the SMART group (19.0% vs. 13.5%,
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