Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42266158›Full record

Trial reportEuropean journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine2026

Clinical outcomes of rehabilitation with a robotic anthropomorphic exoskeleton in patients with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Corrado Zenesini, Ilaria Baroncini, Roberto DI Palma, Alessandra Bigioni, Pawel Kiper, Francesca Bettini, Laura Simoncini, Valeria Petrone, Ilaria Sermasi, Alice Portillo and 7 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Corrado ZenesiniIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Ilaria BaronciniMontecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy - ilaria.baroncini@montecatone.com.
Roberto DI PalmaMontecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy.
Alessandra BigioniIRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Pawel KiperHealthcare Innovation Technology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
Francesca BettiniMontecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy.
Laura SimonciniMontecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy.
Valeria PetroneIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Ilaria SermasiMontecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy.
Alice PortilloMontecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy.
Flora MoraraMontecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy.
Paola PaglieraniMontecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Bologna, Italy.
Iolanda PisottaIRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Giorgio ScivolettoASL Roma2, Ospedale CTO Andrea Alesini, Rome, Italy.
Giovanni LazzaroHealthcare Innovation Technology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
Martina RegazzettiHealthcare Innovation Technology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
Elena AntelmiDIMI, Department of Engineering and Medicine of Innovation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRobotic exoskeletons offer a promising tool for gait rehabilitation in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, evidence of their additive benefit over conventional therapy, particularly in non-acute, motor-incomplete SCI, remains limited.

aimTo evaluate the efficacy of the EKSO-GT

designRandomized, controlled, multicenter trial.

settingRehabilitation centers.

methodsThirty-six patients with chronic, motor-incomplete SCI (AIS C/D, 1-5 years post-injury) were randomized to receive either 4 weeks of exoskeleton-assisted training followed by 4 weeks of standard rehabilitation (RC+E), or 8 weeks of standard rehabilitation alone (RC). The primary outcome was the proportion of participants achieving ≥ 10% improvement in walking speed (10-meter walk test) at 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes included gait endurance, muscle strength, spasticity, proprioception, pain and mood.

resultsAt 4 weeks, 33.3% of RC+E vs. 46.7% of RC patients improved in walking speed (P=0.44); at 8 weeks, 43.8% vs. 66.7%, respectively (P=0.20). No significant between-group differences were found for any outcome, including endurance, strength, or pain. Both groups demonstrated clinically relevant within-group improvements over time. No adverse events occurred.

conclusionsIn individuals with chronic, motor-incomplete SCI, robotic gait training using the EKSO-GT CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: While robotic exoskeletons are feasible and safe in chronic SCI rehabilitation, their routine use as a short-term add-on to standard therapy may not yield additional functional benefits under the tested conditions. Emphasis should remain on comprehensive, individualized rehabilitation programs tailored to patient-specific needs. Larger, adequately powered studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Indexed as

Exercise TherapyExoskeleton DeviceGait Disorders, NeurologicRoboticsSpinal Cord InjuriesAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRecovery of FunctionTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID42266158
PMCPMC13416494

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.