Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42265781›Full record

ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026

Effects of high- versus moderate-intensity multimodal whole-body training to improve inspiratory muscle function in persons with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Sim Klaps, Jonas Verbrugghe, Nina Goossens, Sofie Van Wesemael, Bjorn Van Eecke, Albère Köke, Jeanine Verbunt, Daniel Langer, Lotte Janssens, Annick Timmermans

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05384457 (The Breathe-), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05384457 naunknown statusnot on this map

The Breathe-(H)IT Trial: Multimodal High Intensity Training to Improve Diaphragm Functioning in Persons With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorHasselt UniversityRan2022 to 2025Enrolled64ConditionsLow Back Pain, Chronic Low-back Pain, Chronic PainArmsHigh intensity training, Moderate intensity training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sim KlapsUHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium. sim.klaps@uhasselt.be.
Jonas VerbruggheUHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Nina GoossensUHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Sofie Van WesemaelUHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Bjorn Van EeckeUHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Albère KökeAdelante Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands.
Jeanine VerbuntAdelante Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands.
Daniel LangerDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Lotte JanssensUHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Annick TimmermansUHasselt, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.

Funding

Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek FWO-grant G0A1N24NFonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek FWO-TBM T000822NSpecial Research Fund Hasselt University BOF21DOC15
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo compare the effects of a multimodal whole-body high-intensity training (HIT) program versus a moderate-intensity training (MIT) program on inspiratory muscle function in persons with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP), and to investigate whether changes in inspiratory muscle function relate to changes in disability, pain intensity, anxiety, depression, and exercise capacity.

methodsIn this randomized controlled trial, persons with CNSLBP followed a 12-week HIT or MIT program consisting of cardiorespiratory, general resistance, and trunk muscle strength training. Inspiratory muscle function outcomes, assessed pre- and post-intervention, included maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), inspiratory muscle endurance (IME) time, exercise-induced inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF), and surface electromyography amplitude of the sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles during postural control tasks.

resultsSixty-four participants were included (mean age: 44.9 ± 14.5 years, 38 males). MIP

conclusionThis study showed that both multimodal HIT and MIT improved MIP in persons with CNSLBP, while only HIT enhanced IME time. Exercise-induced IMF or inspiratory muscle activation during postural control did not improve after HIT or MIT.

trial registrationThis trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05384457) on May 11, 2022.

Indexed as

Chronic nonspecific low back painExercise therapyHigh-intensity trainingInspiratory muscles

Identifiers

PMID42265781
PMCPMC13474738

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.