ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2026
Etiology-based management spectrum and outcomes of pediatric central airway stenosis: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to describe the phenotypic characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcome spectrum of multi-factorial pediatric central airway stenosis, as well as to provide evidence for etiology-oriented individualized management of such cases.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective study by enrolling pediatric patients with central airway stenosis. Based on etiology, they were categorized into four groups: congenital, cardiogenic compression, dynamic, and acquired. We compared baseline characteristics (age stratification, gender, Myer-Cotton classification, stenosis location, stenosis length, Clinical Respiratory Score [CRS] severity) and relevant management strategies (follow-up observation, bronchoscopic interventional therapy, surgical intervention) across different etiological groups. Resultant outcomes were classified as either cured, improved, or ineffective; effective outcomes were defined as cured or improved.
resultsWe enrolled 150 cases with a confirmed diagnosis of central airway stenosis (46 congenital, 66 cardiogenic compression, 21 dynamic, and 17 acquired). Significant differences were observed among the etiological groups regarding age stratification, Myer-Cotton classification, stenosis location, and CRS severity(p < 0.05). Treatment strategies were significantly correlated with the etiology. Acquired stenosis was primarily managed by flexible bronchoscopic intervention (94.1%), whereas cardiogenic compression stenosis and dynamic stenosis were predominantly managed with surgical intervention (69.7%) and follow-up observation (81.0%), respectively. All groups exhibited high overall efficacy rates (80.4%-94.1%); the cardiogenic compression stenosis group achieved an efficacy rate of 81.8% under surgical management.
conclusionThe clinical phenotype of pediatric central airway stenosis is significantly related to the etiology and treatment selection. Hence, the proposed management framework of 'etiology-based classification guiding clinical strategies' may support precise individualized treatment and is associated with favorable outcomes for such pediatric patients.
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