Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42265654›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Differences in built environmental exposures between three million older adults with and without cardiovascular diseases: a nationwide cross-sectional study in the Netherlands.

Erik J Timmermans, W M Monique Verschuren, Huiberdina L Koek, Yvonne Koop, Jeroen Lakerveld, Ilonca Vaartjes

Abstract read
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Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Erik J TimmermansJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Internal mail no. Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA, 3508, the Netherlands. e.j.timmermans-5@umcutrecht.nl.
W M Monique VerschurenJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Internal mail no. Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA, 3508, the Netherlands.
Huiberdina L KoekDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Yvonne KoopJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Internal mail no. Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA, 3508, the Netherlands.
Jeroen LakerveldDepartment of Epidemiology and Data Science, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases Research Program, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Ilonca VaartjesJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Internal mail no. Str6.131, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA, 3508, the Netherlands.

Funding

Dutch Heart Foundation 03-004-2025-0176European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme 101137146Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research 024.004.017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis nationwide cross-sectional study examined differences in neighbourhood walkability, air pollution, noise, and food environment healthiness between older adults with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rural and urban areas of the Netherlands.

methodsA cohort of 3,091,435 older adults (≥ 65 years) with (n = 1,174,256) and without (n = 1,917,179) CVD on January 1, 2018, was constructed by linking the Population Register and the Hospital Discharge Register. Neighbourhood walkability was assessed using an index, based on 1,000-meter Euclidean buffers around residences and combining data on population density, retail and service destination density, land use mix, street connectivity, green space density, sidewalk density, and public transport density. Food environment healthiness was assessed using the Food Environment Healthiness Index. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO

resultsNine of fourteen factors were less favorable in older adults with CVD than in those without CVD, including lower population density, retail and service destination density, land use mix, green space density, and food environment healthiness, and higher PM2.5, PM10, EC, and noise levels. Two factors were more favorable (i.e., lower NO

conclusionsAlthough the exposure differences are small, older adults with CVD generally lived in less favorable environmental conditions than those without CVD.

trial registrationNot applicable.

Indexed as

Built EnvironmentCardiovascular DiseasesEnvironmental ExposureNeighborhood CharacteristicsAgedAged, 80 and overAir PollutionCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleNetherlandsResidence CharacteristicsUrban PopulationWalkingAir pollutionExposomeFood environmentNeighbourhood walkabilityNoiseUrbanization

Identifiers

PMID42265654
PMCPMC13474818

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.