ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2026
Association of Fish Consumption with the Omega-3 Index and Vitamin D Status among Adolescent Females in the Southwest Coastal Zone of Bangladesh.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOmega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) and vitamin D are essential for growth, bone accrual, and neurodevelopment during adolescence and may affect future maternal and birth outcomes. Fish is a major dietary source of O3FA and vitamin D. However, evidence linking fish intake with O3FA and vitamin D status among adolescent females in Bangladesh remains limited.
objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the associations of fish consumption with the Omega-3 Index (O3I) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among adolescent females living across salinity gradients in southwest coastal Bangladesh.
methodsTwo repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted among 295 females during dry (August-September 2017) and wet (April-May 2018) seasons. Fish intake over the past week was assessed. Whole-blood eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were used to derive O3I, and serum 25(OH)D was measured. Associations between tertiles of fish intake and biomarker outcomes were examined using multivariable linear and logistic regression.
resultsMean O3I was 4.3% during dry season and 4.9% in wet season. Vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) affected 25% of females during dry season and 39% in wet season. Compared with T1, adolescents in T3 of total fish intake had higher O3I (dry: β = 0.57; wet: β = 1.26) and greater odds of achieving O3I ≥4% [dry: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.12; wet: AOR = 7.98]. Tilapia consumption showed the strongest associations: females in T3 had higher O3I (dry: β = 1.08; wet: β = 1.63) and higher odds of O3I ≥4% (dry: AOR = 3.65; wet: AOR = 23.85). During wet season, higher total fish and tilapia intake were associated with higher 25(OH)D (β = 5.06 and 7.96) and lower odds of insufficiency for tilapia consumers (AOR = 0.25).
conclusionsHigher fish consumption, particularly tilapia, was associated with improved O3I and vitamin D status among adolescent females in coastal Bangladesh, with the strongest effects observed during wet season. Ensuring year-round access to diverse fish species, including saline-raised tilapia, may help address ω-3 and vitamin D insufficiency in this nutritionally vulnerable population.
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