Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42264215›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2026

Permissive skin microbiomes in WHIM syndrome: HPV and pathogen expansion.

Peng Hou, You Che, Jungmin Han, Clay Deming, Adel Amirkhani, Caleb S Kim, Monica E Taylor, Daniel Velez, Elena Cho, Cassandra J Holmes and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Peng HouDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
You CheDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Jungmin HanDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Clay DemingMicrobial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Adel AmirkhaniDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Caleb S KimDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Monica E TaylorDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Daniel VelezLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Elena ChoLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Cassandra J HolmesDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Grace SuhDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Leslie Castelo-SoccioDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
NISC Comparative Sequencing ProgramNational Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
David H McDermottLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Philip M MurphyLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Julia A SegreMicrobial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Heidi H KongDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: heidi.kong@nih.gov.

Funding

Studies of human microbes and potential perturbationsZIAAR041219 · NIAMS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES · PI KONG, HEIDI · 2022 to 2025
$4.3M
Investigation of the natural history and pathogenesis of skin diseasesZIAAR041218 · NIAMS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES · PI KONG, HEIDI · 2022 to 2025
$745k
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 AR999999Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AR041218Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AR041219
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis syndrome is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by hyperfunctional pathogenic variants in CXCR4, predisposing individuals to recurrent bacterial skin and airway infections and warts. The targeted CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor has shown efficacy in wart regression and a potential reduction in bacterial infection frequency. Here, we investigated the skin microbiomes of 14 patients with warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis syndrome using shotgun metagenomics, compared with those of healthy controls. Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis skin microbial communities displayed greater inter-individual variability, with highly diverse human papillomavirus profiles and an expansion of airway-associated pathogens on the skin. Among patients receiving plerixafor therapy, we observed shifts in the viral composition and a downward trend in viral abundances. Together, these findings demonstrate the distinctive and permissive skin microbiome in warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis syndrome and highlight the potential microbiome-modulating effects of targeted CXCR4 antagonism.

Indexed as

Cutaneous immunityHuman papillomavirusOpportunistic infection riskSkin microbiomeWHIM syndrome

Identifiers

PMID42264215
PMCPMC13420004

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.