Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42263481›Full record

ArticleESMO open2026

Interleukin-2 transcriptomic expression correlates with prolonged survival and with GNAS alterations in patients with advanced cancers.

J Ahmed, D Nishizaki, Y Fujiwara, P DePietro, T J Jensen, T McFall, S Kato, R Kurzrock

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In one paragraph

Article in ESMO open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

J AhmedDevelopmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA. Electronic address: jibran.ahmed@nih.gov.
D NishizakiCenter for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA.
Y FujiwaraDepartment of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA.
P DePietroOmniSeq Inc. (Labcorp), Buffalo, USA.
T J JensenOmniSeq Inc. (Labcorp), Buffalo, USA.
T McFallDepartment of Biochemistry and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. Electronic address: tmcfall@mcw.edu.
S KatoCenter for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA.
R KurzrockWIN Consortium, Paris, France; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, MCW Cancer Center and Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Electronic address: rkurzrock@mcw.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInterleukin-2 (IL-2) is a critical immunoregulatory molecule. IL-2 RNA expression and correlation with immune markers, gene alterations, and outcomes were analyzed in advanced/metastatic cancers. PATIENTS AND

methodsWe investigated IL-2 transcript data through the OmniSeq clinical-grade laboratory [https://www.omniseq.com/; University of California San Diego (UCSD) cohort] and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://www.cancer.gov/tcga) databases. UCSD cohort transcriptomic patterns were relativized against a reference population (n = 735) and expressed as percentiles. IL-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in CRISPR-Cas9-engineered GNAS-mutant Caco-2 cell lines.

resultsAmong 514 patients, 14.6% had high IL-2 RNA expression (≥75th percentile) and 35% had less than first percentile IL-2 expression. IL-2 expression (greater than or equal to first percentile RNA rank) significantly/independently correlated with high expression of immune checkpoints (TIM-3, BTLA), IL-2Rγ subunits, and ERBB2, GNAS, and NF1 aberrations. Increasing IL-2 RNA expression (multivariable linear regression) correlated with increasing likelihood of GNAS alterations (P = 0.02). GNAS

conclusionsHigh IL-2 tissue transcript levels correlated with better outcome in advanced cancer patients and those with GNAS alterations; the latter finding was confirmed by increased IL-2 production by CRISPR-edited GNAS

Indexed as

ChromograninsGTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, GsInterleukin-2NeoplasmsTranscriptomeAgedBiomarkers, TumorFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisBiomarkers, TumorChromograninsGNAS protein, humanGTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, GsInterleukin-2immune checkpointinterleukin 2RNA expression

Identifiers

PMID42263481
PMCPMC13272506

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.