Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42263052›Full record

ArticlePsychotherapy and psychosomatics2026

Distinguishing Chronic and Non-Chronic Depression: A Clinical Profile and Symptom Networks Approach.

Paula Rehm, Marius Gruber, Kira F Ahrens, Henry Staub, Franka Timm, Lea Krätzig, Stefanie Fischer, Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah, Max Berg, Janik Goltermann and 28 more

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Article in Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

38 authors.

Paula RehmDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
Marius GruberDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
Kira F AhrensDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
Henry StaubDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
Franka TimmDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
Lea KrätzigDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
Stefanie FischerDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
Sharmili Edwin ThanarajahDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
Max BergDivision of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Janik GoltermannInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Nils Ralf WinterInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Katharina ThielInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Tiana BorgersInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Hannah MeinertInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Linda M BonnekohInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Kira FlinkenflügelInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Jochen BauerClinic for Radiology, University of Münster and University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Frederike SteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Florian Thomas-OdenthalDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Paula UsemannDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Lea TeutenbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Igor NenadićDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Benjamin StraubeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Nina AlexanderDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Hamidreza JamalabadiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Andreas JansenDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Nils OpelDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Susanne MeinertInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Dominik GrotegerdInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Tim HahnInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Elisabeth J LeehrInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Elisabeth SchrammDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Moritz ElsaesserDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Winfried RiefDivision of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Andreas ReifDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.
Tilo KircherDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Udo DannlowskiInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Jonathan ReppleDepartment for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany, repple@em.uni-frankfurt.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDifferent disorder courses contribute to the large heterogeneity within depressive syndromes. Chronic depression (CD) warrants further investigation given its high prevalence and poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to identify a clinical profile and symptomatic phenotype associated with CD versus non-chronic depression (NCD) to provide a better characterization of CD.

methodsThe preregistered analysis used cross-sectional data from a large German cohort (N = 994; 64.9% female) with retrospective information on depression trajectories. We assessed associations of nine psychological and social characteristics with CD in logistic regression models. We further examined symptom networks across disorder courses using Bayesian network analysis of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I) item-level data.

resultsIn our sample 18.5% of patients with depression met criteria for CD (n

conclusionPsychosocial factors, but not symptom profiles, distinguished CD from NCD. Thus, characteristics beyond classical depression symptoms seem more informative for differentiating depression trajectories. If confirmed longitudinally, these findings may improve prediction of depression trajectories and inform early intervention.

Indexed as

Affective disordersChronicityDepressionDisorder coursesSymptom networks

Identifiers

PMID42263052
PMCPMC13427318

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.