Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42262702›Full record

ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2026

Comparative Analysis of Leaflet Materials, Stent Materials, and Stent Cell Density for Bileaflet Transcatheter Mitral Valve Design.

Joseph Chibuike Nwokeafor, Joshua D Hofmeister, Breandan B Yeats, Lakshmi Prasad Dasi, Charanjit S Rihal, Juan A Crestanello, Leigh Griffiths, Mohamad A Alkhouli, Hoda Hatoum

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Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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9 authors.

Joseph Chibuike NwokeaforDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
Joshua D HofmeisterDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Breandan B YeatsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lakshmi Prasad DasiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Charanjit S RihalDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Juan A CrestanelloDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Leigh GriffithsDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Mohamad A AlkhouliDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Hoda HatoumDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA. hhatoum@mtu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5538-8960

Funding

American Heart Association 24IPA1274290
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe biomechanical performance of bileaflet transcatheter mitral valves (TMVs) depends on complex interactions between leaflet material behavior and stent design. However, the contributions of leaflet materials and constitutive models, stent materials, and stent geometry to valve function and durability remain poorly understood.

methodsA parametric finite element study was conducted using a CAD model of a bileaflet TMV subjected to physiological pressure loading. Five leaflet material models were evaluated: 3 glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues-bovine pericardium (BP; FBP1, FBP2) and porcine pericardium (PP; FPP)-and 2 unfixed tissues-bovine (UBP) and porcine pericardium (UPP). BP was modeled as a linear elastic (FBP1) and Ogden (FBP2). Each was paired with 2 stent materials, cobalt chromium (CoCr) and nitinol, and 3 stent cell densities (low, medium, high), yielding 30 configurations. Von Mises stresses and relative leaflet opening were quantified.

resultsUPP achieved the largest opening (30-32%) with the lowest leaflet 99th percentile stresses (0.048-0.050 MPa), while FBP1 produced the smallest opening (8-9%) and highest leaflet stresses (0.077-0.078 MPa). Leaflet 99th percentile stress was strongly inversely correlated with valve opening (Spearman r=-0.9, p<0.01). Stent material had a negligible effect on valve opening but affected stent stress notably, with nitinol exhibiting about 2-3 orders of magnitude lower stresses compared to CoCr. Increasing stent cell density improved stress distribution with only a modest reduction in opening.

conclusionLeaflet material model was the primary determinant of bileaflet TMV biomechanical performance, whereas stent material and cell density exerted secondary but meaningful effects. These findings offer insights that may guide the design of more optimized TMV replacement devices.

Indexed as

Leaflet openingMaterial modelStent densityTMVRTranscatheter mitral valveVon Mises stresses

Identifiers

PMID42262702

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