Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42262572›Full record

ArticleArchives of virology2026

Emergence of norovirus GII.7 and predominance of recombinant strains in pediatric acute gastroenteritis in Japan, 2021-2024.

Setsuko Imakado, Ngan Thi Kim Pham, Pattara Khamrin, Yuko Shimizu-Onda, Sheikh Ariful Hoque, Quang Duy Trinh, Mudassar Hussain, Arpaporn Yodmeeklin, Kattareeya Kumthip, Shuichi Nishimura and 8 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Archives of virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Setsuko ImakadoDepartment of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan.
Ngan Thi Kim PhamDepartment of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-0159
Pattara KhamrinDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
Yuko Shimizu-OndaDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
Sheikh Ariful HoqueDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
Quang Duy TrinhDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
Mudassar HussainDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
Arpaporn YodmeeklinDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Kattareeya KumthipDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Shuichi NishimuraNishimura Pediatric Clinic, Kyoto, Japan.
Masaaki KobayashiKobayashi Pediatric Clinic, Shizuoka, Japan.
Kumiko SugitaSugita Children Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
Shoko OkitsuDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
Niwat ManeekarnDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Satoshi HayakawaDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
Shihoko Komine-AizawaDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
Kazuaki YoshimuneDepartment of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan.
Hiroshi UshijimaDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. ushijima-hiroshi@jcom.home.ne.jp.

Funding

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP25fk0108668Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 24K11007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, with genetic diversity driven by recombination and genotype replacement. This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of NoVs among Japanese children with AGE from July 2021 to June 2024. A total of 1,095 stool samples were collected from three prefectures (Kyoto, Osaka, and Shizuoka), and NoV RNA was detected in 456 cases (41.6%). Genogroup GII predominated (96.9%), while GI infections were rare. Genotyping identified eight genotypes, including two GI (GI.1, GI.6) and six GII (GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.17). GII.4 remained the predominant genotype (71.7%) throughout the study period. Notably, GII.7 emerged in 2023-2024 and became the second most prevalent genotype. Analysis of the ORF1/ORF2 junction identified multiple RdRp-capsid combinations, with recombinant strains accounting for 92.5% of detections. The predominant recombinant lineages were GII.4[P16] and GII.4[P31], followed by GII.2[P16]. Phylogenetic analysis indicated close relatedness to strains circulating internationally. These findings demonstrate the sustained predominance of GII.4, the emergence of GII.7, and the high prevalence of recombinant strains among Japanese children, highlighting the importance of continuous molecular surveillance.

Indexed as

Caliciviridae InfectionsGastroenteritisNorovirusRecombination, GeneticChildChild, PreschoolFecesFemaleGenetic VariationGenotypeHumansInfantJapanMalePhylogenyPrevalenceRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID42262572

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.