ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2026
An anatomical reclassification of the temporal fascia from superficial to deep layers using true color sectioned images and 3D models.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to redefine the precise morphology and relationships of the temporal fasciae using high resolution sectioned images and three dimensional (3D) models. In the temporal region, fascial layers are difficult to distinguish by cadaveric dissection, which has contributed to inconsistent anatomical terminology. Therefore, we undertook this study to investigate and clarify these fasciae.
methodsUsing the sectioned images with true color and high resolution, fascial, muscular, and vascular structures in the temporal region were traced, segmented, and reconstructed into surface models using MATLAB and Slicer. Maya scripts integrated these models with the sectioned images for 3D visualization.
resultsThree fascial layers (the temporoparietal fascia, the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia, and the deep layer of the deep temporal fascia) were clearly distinguished. The deep temporal fascia presented as a single layer posteriorly but divided into two layers anteriorly. Distinct fat pads were consistently identified between each fascial layer and between the deep fascia and temporal muscle. The courses of the superficial temporal artery and middle temporal vein were precisely visualized. CONSCLUSION: This study provides a clarified, 3D anatomical framework of the temporal fascia, resolving discrepancies in traditional descriptions. High fidelity, artifact free image data offer a reliable basis for safer surgical approaches, flap elevation, filler injections, and regional anesthesia in the temporal region.
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