ArticleIntensive care medicine experimental2026
Impact of noradrenaline, adrenergic receptors, and radical formation on cardiac mitochondria in resuscitated swine.
Article in Intensive care medicine experimental, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundEquivocal data exist on whether noradrenaline during resuscitation from circulatory shock affects tissue mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, we examined the relation between myocardial mitochondrial respiration and plasma noradrenaline concentrations during continuous i.v. noradrenaline.
methodsAfter anesthesia and (neuro)surgical instrumentation, pigs underwent two hours of subdural blood injection and subsequent systemic blood removal, followed by fluid resuscitation, re-transfusion of shed blood, and noradrenaline to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure at pre-shock levels. Before, immediately after the challenge, and after 48 h of resuscitation, we measured whole blood superoxide anion levels (electron spin resonance) and DNA strand breaks ("tail moment" in the comet assay), and plasma noradrenaline (HPLC/tandem mass-spectrometry), NOx (chemoluminescence), isoprostane and troponin (ELISA) concentrations. Immediate post mortem myocardial samples were analyzed for mitochondrial respiration (high-resolution respirometry for Complex I/II activity, oxidative phosphorylation, and maximal uncoupled electron transfer capacity) as well as β
resultsAt 48 h of resuscitation, plasma noradrenaline concentrations were 200-fold those at baseline, while NOx levels had doubled. Myocardial mitochondrial respiration was unrelated to noradrenaline, NOx, or nitrotyrosine, but directly related to both the β
conclusionsIn a long-term, resuscitated porcine model of acute subdural hematoma and hemorrhage, plasma NOx levels correlated with noradrenaline plasma levels, whereas mitochondrial respiration and other markers of radical formation or oxidative/nitrosative stress were unrelated to noradrenaline concentrations. β-adrenergic receptor expression was also unrelated to noradrenaline, while mitochondrial respiration was directly related to both the β
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