Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42262402›Full record

SynthesisMolecular biology reports2026

Toll-like receptors in corneal ectasia: linking innate immunity to keratoconus.

Mohammad Tobeiha, Alireza Peyman, Elaheh Foroughi, Pegah Veradi Esfahani, Mohsen Pourazizi

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mohammad TobeihaIsfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Alireza PeymanIsfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Elaheh ForoughiIsfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Pegah Veradi EsfahaniVice-Chancellery for Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Mohsen PouraziziIsfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. m.pourazizi@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clinical manifestations of keratoconus (KC) are well described; however, its exact pathophysiology remains unknown. While KC is typically known as a primarily degenerative disease which progression is accelerated by mechanical trauma, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as key contributors to disease development. TLRs are protein receptors that play a crucial role in the body's innate immune response. This systematic review was carried out using Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases up to May 2025 to investigate TLRs expression in KC and corneal ectasia. These studies suggest a potential role of TLR2 and TLR4 in the early diagnosis and therapeutic management of corneal ectasia. Nevertheless, further studies are required to clarify the precise dynamics and clinical effects of TLRs in corneal ectasia.

Indexed as

Immunity, InnateKeratoconusToll-Like ReceptorsAnimalsCorneaDilatation, PathologicHumansToll-Like Receptor 2Toll-Like Receptor 4Toll-Like Receptor 2Toll-Like Receptor 4Toll-Like ReceptorsCorneal ectasiaImmunityInnate immunityKeratoconusToll-like receptors

Identifiers

PMID42262402

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.