Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42261478›Full record

ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2026

Opportunistic Glaucoma Detection in a Diabetic Eye Screening Program: Yield and Feasibility in a Caribbean Population.

Abigail Sara Affoo, Zahrid Mohammed, Jeanmarc Sookhoo, Lee Ann Lazarus, Ronnie Bhola

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Research Progress of Diabetes-related Glaucoma: Mechanisms, Impacts and Management Strategies.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Abigail Sara AffooDepartment of Ophthalmology, Trinidad Eye Hospital, Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago.
Zahrid MohammedDepartment of Ophthalmology, Trinidad Eye Hospital, Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago.
Jeanmarc SookhooDepartment of Ophthalmology, Trinidad Eye Hospital, Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago.
Lee Ann LazarusDepartment of Ophthalmology, Trinidad Eye Hospital, Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago.
Ronnie BholaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Trinidad Eye Hospital, Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is highly prevalent in the Caribbean nations. It can remain asymptomatic until the late stages, underpinning the need for screening for early diagnosis. This study aimed to determine whether glaucoma screening should be performed in combination with population-based diabetic retinopathy screening in Trinidad and Tobago. Methods: Diabetic retinopathy screening, including colour fundus photography, was conducted in communities across Trinidad and Tobago. Patients whose fundus photographs met the glaucoma suspect criteria (vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) ≥ 0.6, VCDR difference ≥ 0.2 between the eyes, disc haemorrhage, or suspected RNFL defect) were referred to the clinic for full evaluation and diagnosis. Results: A total of 1754 adults with diabetes were screened, with 167 patients (9.5%) meeting the glaucoma suspect criteria. 45 patients (26.9% of those meeting the glaucoma suspect criteria) presented to the clinic and underwent a full evaluation. The extrapolated estimated prevalence of glaucoma in the diabetic population was 5.9% (minimum confirmed prevalence 1.6%) and the extrapolated estimated prevalence of undetected glaucoma 2.1%. The positive predictive value of fundus photography for detecting glaucoma was 62.2%. Conclusion: Opportunistic glaucoma screening using fundus photography within an existing diabetic eye screening programme identified a clinically meaningful number of glaucoma cases in this Caribbean diabetic population.

Indexed as

Caribbean populationdiabetic retinopathy screeningfundus photographyglaucoma prevalenceglaucoma screening

Identifiers

PMID42261478
PMCPMC13242749

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.