ArticleResearch and reports in urology2026
Hydrocelectomy Complication Rates in the United States.
Article in Research and reports in urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Hydrocelectomy is the gold standard treatment for hydrocele. European data showed complication rates between 16% and 25%, however the rate within the United States has not been assessed. We examined the postoperative complication, emergency department visit, readmission and re-operation rates after hydrocelectomy in the United States. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 27,418 individuals who underwent hydrocelectomy in the United States between 2004 and 2024 identified through the TriNetX US Network using ICD-10 and CPT codes. Patients were excluded for age <18 years, testicular neoplasm, and orchiectomy. The primary outcome was rate of any surgical complication, emergency department (ED) visit, readmission, or reoperation within 90 days of hydrocelectomy. Statistical analysis was performed with R software and using t-tests. Results: The mean age of our cohort was 51 years. The complication group had higher proportions of older (p < 0.001), African American (p < 0.001), and patients with hypertension, diabetes, and coagulation defects (p < 0.001).The risk of complications was 13% within 90 days of surgery. The ED visit rate was 6.7%, surgical complication rate of 5.6%, readmission rate of 2.6%, and reoperation rate of 2.6%. Of surgical complications, 25% were bleeding, 13% were infection, and 63% were inflammatory or unspecified complications. The median ED visit was day 14 (IQR 6-41) and the median reoperation was at day 21 (IQR 9-38). Patients had a 9.2% rate of overall complications in the first month after surgery, after which the risk decreased. Conclusion: The rate of complications after hydrocelectomy in the United States is 13%, with 9% occurring in the first 30 days. There was a 2.8% risk of surgical intervention within 90 days. We recommend close follow-up in the first month to evaluate for developing complications, especially for patients with hypertension, diabetes, or coagulation defects.
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