ArticleOpen life sciences2026
Triptolide alleviates rheumatoid arthritis via modulating gut microbiota - intestinal barrier - TLR4/NF-κB axis.
Article in Open life sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease driven by dysregulated inflammation and intestinal microbiota-gut-joint axis dysfunction. While triptolide, a natural immunosuppressive compound, exhibits anti-RA activity, its mechanism linking gut microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier repair, and inflammatory signaling remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether triptolide alleviates adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in mice by regulating the gut microbiota-intestinal barrier-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) axis. The anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide was assessed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and primary peritoneal macrophages. The anti-RA efficacy was investigated in AIA mice through detecting inflammatory factors, intestinal barrier integrity and gut microbiota. The results showed that triptolide decreased inflammatory factors in both RAW 264.7 cells and primary peritoneal macrophages. Meanwhile, triptolide dose-dependently reduced AI scores and paw swelling in AIA mice (
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