SynthesisJournal of the International AIDS Society2026
Cause of Death and Risk of Death for People Living With HIV Admitted to Hospital: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDespite increasing access to HIV treatment and care, HIV-associated deaths remain high. We aimed to summarize global and regional trends in risk and causes of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV) admitted to hospital.
methodsWe conducted a systematic search across eight databases on 23 April 2023, identifying studies that reported cause of hospital admission or death among hospitalized PLHIV from first January 2014 onwards. We extracted data on age, geographical region, type of ward, antiretroviral treatment use, CD4 cell count, risk of death, cause of death and method of ascertainment of cause of death. We grouped studies into mutually exclusive groups: adults in medical wards by world region; adults in intensive care; and children. We used a Bayesian multilevel meta-regression model to pool data on causes of death. We additionally estimated temporal trends in risk of death among hospitalized PLHIV between 2000 and 2023.
resultsWe identified 67 studies (59,013 participants) reporting risk of death among hospitalized PLHIV between 2014 and 2023. The overall risk of in-hospital death was 16% (95% credible interval [CrI]: 8%-27%). Mortality risk was highest among adults in Africa (19%, 95% CI: 15%-24%) and adults in intensive care units (44%, 95% CI: 34%-55%). Among 40 studies reporting cause of death in 6,838 participants, AIDS-related conditions predominated (72% of deaths, 95% CrI: 57%-85%), including tuberculosis deaths (27% of deaths, 95% CrI: 15%-40%). Bacterial infections were the second leading cause of death (25% of deaths, 95% CrI: 9%-47%). There was no strong evidence of risk of death changing between 2000 and 2023 (-2.2 percentage point decrease, 95% CrI -16.1 to +17.0 percentage points).
conclusionsDespite advances in HIV treatment, AIDS-related illnesses and bacterial infections remain the leading causes of in-hospital death among PLHIV. Our analysis reveals that in most regions, the risk of death for hospitalized PLHIV has remained largely unchanged in the past 23 years. These findings underscore the critical need to prioritize high-quality hospital care for opportunistic infections to reduce AIDS-related deaths.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.