ArticlePsychological medicine2026
Strengths-based resilience: the biopsychosocial factors that differentiate 12-year mental well-being trajectories following adverse childhood experiences.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with increased long-term mental and physical health risk, yet inter-individual variation indicates that resilience is possible. Distinct trajectories of sustained mental well-being have been observed among individuals exposed to ACEs, predicting favorable long-term outcomes. However, the biopsychosocial markers underpinning sustained trajectories of resilience remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify factors that predict higher well-being ('resilient') trajectories over time in individuals with and without ACE exposure.
methodsPreviously identified 12-year well-being trajectory classes (higher vs. lower well-being) were examined in participants with no ACE history (
resultsAcross both samples, higher well-being was predicted by higher education, better subjective physical health, greater social engagement, stronger work performance, and adaptive personality traits (lower neuroticism and higher extraversion). In the non-ACE sample, polygenic well-being scores and family history of mental illness further differentiated trajectories. In contrast, resilience following ACEs was additionally characterized by modifiable factors, including parenting style, relationship status, BMI, and conscientiousness.
conclusionsResilience in the context of childhood adversity is defined by identifiable, largely modifiable social, health, and personality factors, highlighting potential targets for interventions to enhance long-term well-being.
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