ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026
SCAP-Exo-Integrated CA/HACC Hydrogel Promotes Diabetic Wound Repair via miR-122-Driven Macrophage Phenotypic Transition.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds are characterized by persistent inflammation and a disrupted transition from the inflammatory to the reparative phase, largely driven by macrophage dysregulation and metabolic imbalance within the wound microenvironment. Here, we developed an exosome-integrated hydrogel system based on citrate-crosslinked hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), incorporating exosomes derived from stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP-Exo) to modulate immune responses and promote diabetic wound repair. The SCAP-Exo-loaded HACC hydrogel exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and enabled sustained local exosome release. In vitro studies demonstrated efficient uptake of SCAP-Exo by macrophages, leading to a pronounced shift toward an anti-inflammatory, pro-reparative phenotype. MicroRNA profiling and functional validation identified miR-122-5p as a key bioactive component enriched in SCAP-Exo, mediating macrophage reprogramming through the regulation of inflammatory signaling and metabolism-associated pathways. Consequently, the remodeled immune microenvironment enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration. In a diabetic wound model, treatment with the SCAP-Exo-functionalized HACC hydrogel significantly accelerated wound closure, improved granulation tissue formation, and promoted collagen deposition. Collectively, this study demonstrates that SCAP-Exo-based HACC hydrogel therapy facilitates diabetic wound healing through miRNA-driven immunometabolic modulation, highlighting a promising strategy for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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