ArticleMaternal health, neonatology and perinatology2026
Maternal-neonatal vitamin D gradient at birth in Ilorin, Nigeria: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Article in Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCord-blood vitamin D concentrations at birth typically trail maternal levels, but the magnitude of this maternal-neonatal gradient and its implications for supplementation policy remains poorly characterised in sub-Saharan Africa.
objectiveTo measure the absolute and relative maternal- neonatal vitamin-D gradient at birth among maternal-neonate pairs in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria.
methodsIn a comparative cross-sectional study, we enrolled 92 healthy parturients and their singleton neonates at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (8.3 °N). Paired maternal venous and umbilical-cord sera were analysed for total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) using Calbiotech
resultsMean maternal 25(OH)D was 28.54 ± 11.01 ng mL⁻¹; while mean cord level was 24.85 ± 9.28 ng mL⁻¹, yielding an absolute gradient of 3.69 ng mL⁻¹ (95% CI 1.0-6.4; t = 2.46, p = 0.015) and a maternal: cord ratio of 1.20 ± 0.29. Concentrations were positively correlated (r = 0.498, p < 0.001). Deficiency was uncommon (2.2% in both groups), yet insufficiency affected 52.2% of mothers and 65.2% of neonates; status discordance was significant (McNemar χ² = 8.97, p = 0.003). Early pre-term neonates (28-< 32 wk) had the highest mean cord 25(OH)D concentration (29.33 ± 8.98 ng mL⁻¹), which remained below the sufficiency threshold of 30.0 ng mL⁻¹, although gestational-age differences were not statistically significant (ANOVA p = 0.19).
conclusionsA modest but clinically relevant maternal-neonatal vitamin-D shortfall persists at birth in semi-equatorial Ilorin, leaving two-thirds of neonates merely insufficient. Maternal sufficiency alone is an unreliable proxy for neonatal adequacy. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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