ArticleBMC oral health2026
Evaluation of PISA, serum IL-12 and IL-18 in stage III periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have shown a positive association between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data regarding their combined effect on Periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), serum Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-18. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess PISA, along with serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels, in individuals diagnosed with Stage III Periodontitis, both with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
methods79 participants categorized into: Group I comprising 19 periodontally healthy individuals while Groups II and III included 30 patients each with stage III periodontitis without and with T2DM, respectively. Clinical assessments of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were performed alongside evaluation of serum IL-12 and IL-18 using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, blood investigations included fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and HbA1c levels were recorded.
resultsPatients in Group II and III demonstrated elevated values for all clinical measurements with significant differences between mean PISA values in Group II (254.21 ± 229.21 mm
conclusionThe findings suggest significantly elevated PISA values for Group III patients and greater severity of periodontal disease as compared to the others. Further research is necessary to better understand the interplay between periodontitis and T2DM, particularly focusing on inflammatory biomarkers and PISA. CTRI NUMBER: The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2023/06/053653) on 08/06/2023.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.