Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42260318›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026

A Sub-Microsecond Switch Enabling SWIFT

Russell L Lagore, Simon Schmidt, Edward J Auerbach, Naoharu Kobayashi, Christoph Schildknecht, Steen Moeller, Elnaz Mahmoudi Mahmoudalilou, Štefan Zbýň, Jutta Ellermann, Gregor Adriany and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Russell L LagoreCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1950-1828
Simon SchmidtCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Edward J AuerbachCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-1545
Naoharu KobayashiCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-732X
Christoph SchildknechtETH Zürich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Steen MoellerCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-7260
Elnaz Mahmoudi MahmoudalilouCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7727-0883
Štefan ZbýňCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-2828
Jutta EllermannCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-9656
Gregor AdrianyCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-9005
Gregory J MetzgerCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-6529

Funding

TRD4 - Ultrahigh Field Engineering and SafetyP41EB027061 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Gregory John Metzger, KAMIL UGURBIL · 2019 to 2026
$11.7M
CONSOLE FOR 10.5 TESLA WHOLE BODY MRI SYSTEMS10RR029672 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI UGURBIL, KAMIL · 2010 to 2010
$7.8M
Development of Enabling Technologies for Clinical Ultrahigh Field Body MRIR01EB029985 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI METZGER, GREGORY JOHN · 2021 to 2024
$2.4M
NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR029672NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB027061NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB029985NIH HHS P41 EB027061NIH HHS R01EB029985NIH HHS R01EB034746NIH HHS S10 RR029672
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo enable sodium SWIFT imaging, which is a zero-echo time imaging technique, at ultra-high magnetic fields through the development of custom electronics hardware, and to showcase this capability with in vivo imaging results.

methodsThe custom hardware developed consists of a high-speed optical trigger with 10 ns resolution, an in-bore PIN diode driver capable of sourcing high current, and RF switches (both an in-line switchable attenuator and transmit/receive switch) optimized to achieve sub-microsecond switching speeds while also producing isolation between the transmitter and receiver.

resultsPractical switching speeds of 0.6 μs (receive to transmit) and 1.7 μs (transmit to receive) are achieved on the RF switches, limited by transient-induced spurious emissions from the low noise amplifier. Transmit to receive isolation of 115 dB is achieved over a 1 MHz bandwidth, with 120 dB of isolation at the Larmor frequency. This was crucial to suppress unblanked RFPA noise. SWIFT images of the human wrist with 1.5 mm isotropic resolution were acquired in less than 5 min to demonstrate the utility of sodium SWIFT imaging at ultra-high field. SWIFT imaging signal-to-noise ratio in a reference phantom with heterogeneous sodium concentrations was comparable to ultra-short echo time imaging, which provided assurance that hardware had achieved the necessary specifications.

conclusionsThe feasibility of sodium SWIFT imaging at ultra-high field was established, and a musculoskeletal imaging application was demonstrated. The success of this work enables further development of SWIFT at high and ultra-high fields for imaging of sodium, proton, and other nuclei.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedSodiumEquipment DesignEquipment Failure AnalysisHumansImage EnhancementPhantoms, ImagingReproducibility of ResultsSodium IsotopesSodiumSodium Isotopescartilagesodium MRIUHFultra‐high field MRIX‐nuclei

Identifiers

PMID42260318
PMCPMC13419349

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.