ArticleOpen heart2026
Complementary cardiac functional assessment using systolic time intervals and bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Article in Open heart, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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17 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Forrester classification remains a cornerstone for assessing haemodynamic status in heart failure, yet its clinical application is restricted by the invasiveness of right heart catheterisation. This study aimed to develop a novel, non-invasive and reproducible alternative by integrating bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and pulse wave analysis (PWA).
methodWe conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients admitted to our cardiology department between January 2020 and December 2022 who underwent PWA within 1 month of BIA. Systolic time intervals (STIs) were calculated as the ratio of pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time using PWA. Patients were classified into four virtual Forrester profiles-
resultsAmong 558 patients with available STI and BIA data, 161, 209, 90 and 98 were classified as
conclusionThe proposed virtual Forrester profiling integrating BIA and PWA provides a practical, quantitative and reproducible framework for non-invasive haemodynamic assessment.
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