Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42258878›Full record

Observational studyThe western journal of emergency medicine2026

HIV and Syphilis Testing Among Patients Tested for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in Emergency Departments.

Kyla Sherwood, Neil Zhang, Hollie David, Annette Dekker, Omai Garner, Elizabeth Samuels, Paul Adamson

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The western journal of emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kyla SherwoodUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Neil ZhangCedars Sinai Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine,Los Angeles, California.
Hollie DavidUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Annette DekkerUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Omai GarnerUCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
Elizabeth SamuelsUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Paul AdamsonUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV and syphilis, are increasing. In 2023, there were over 2.4 million reported cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis in the United States, a 32.5% increase from 2014. Emergency departments (EDs) are vital touchpoints for STI testing, yet HIV and syphilis testing among patients undergoing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) testing is suboptimal. We aimed to determine testing frequency and to identify factors associated with HIV and syphilis co-testing among ED patients undergoing NG/CT testing.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of all patients tested for NG/CT from 2021-2024 at two Los Angeles EDs. Covariates including sociodemographic and behavioral data were extracted from the medical record. The primary outcome was complete STI testing, defined as both HIV and syphilis testing during or up to six months prior to an ED encounter with NG/CT testing. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with complete STI testing.

resultsOf 3,940 patients, 459 (11.7%) received complete STI testing. Among patients receiving complete STI testing, 176 (38.3%) were female, 282 (61.4%) were male, 96 (20.9%) were Hispanic, 98 (21.4%) were non-Hispanic Black, 195 (42.5%) were non-Hispanic White, 220 (47.9%) had Medicare insurance, 132 (28.8%) had private insurance, 225 (49.0%) were experiencing homelessness, 14 (3.1%) identified as bisexual, and 90 (19.6%) identified as heterosexual. In multivariable analysis, patients who were bisexual (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.51; 95% CI, 1.32-4.80; P = .005); had Medicare insurance (aOR 1.89; 1.20-2.98; P = .006); or were experiencing homelessness (aOR 5.21; 4.00-6.78; P < .001) had higher odds of complete STI testing. Patients who were Hispanic (aOR 0.69; 0.52-0.92; P = .01); non-Hispanic Black (aOR 0.75; 0.56-1.00, P = .05); or female (aOR 0.68; 0.54-0.85; P = .001) had lower odds. Of 261 patients with multiple ED encounters, 217 (83.1%) never received complete testing.

conclusionComplete HIV and syphilis testing among ED patients tested for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis was low, even among patients with multiple ED encounters. Lower testing among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients may exacerbate existing disparities in STIs. Implementation research is needed to improve the integration of STI testing in EDs.

Indexed as

Chlamydia InfectionsEmergency Service, HospitalGonorrheaHIV InfectionsMass ScreeningSyphilisAdultEmergency Room VisitsFemaleHumansLos AngelesMaleRetrospective StudiesUnited States

Identifiers

PMID42258878
PMCPMC13246186

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.