Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42258364›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2026

Unique Digital Images as Incentives in Clinical Trials: A Digital Shift Toward Meaningful Participation.

Xavier Tadeo, Gyula Seres, Peter Wang, Yoann Sapanel, Alexandria Remus, Jasmine L Eyal, Jason Kai-Wei Lee, Simon Chesterman, Julian Savulescu, John Eu-Li Wong and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Xavier TadeoInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-826X
Gyula SeresInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4254-0198
Peter WangInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-1738
Yoann SapanelInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-7850
Alexandria RemusInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-7933
Jasmine L EyalInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-6100-5938
Jason Kai-Wei LeeInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.
Simon ChestermanFaculty of Law, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Julian SavulescuMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-6403
John Eu-Li WongDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9174-1100
Christopher L AsplundInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.
R Brian StoneDivision of Industrial Design, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-0828-051X
Benjamin C K TeeThe N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Reza ShokriDepartment of Computer Science, School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Marlena RaczkowskaInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1208-8751
Li Ming ChongInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-2704
Siong Peng KwekInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-0206-2246
Agata BlasiakInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.
Dean HoInstitute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, SG.01, 117456, Singapore, 65 66017766.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-296X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unlabelled: Incentivization in clinical trial participation can be challenging, with many studies failing to meet recruitment or retention goals despite traditional compensation strategies. Digital health evolves, and with it, new approaches can emerge to engage participants meaningfully. We propose unique digital images as a novel, symbolic incentive for clinical trials. Digital images combine qualities such as personalization, ownership, and digital visibility, which may drive engagement more effectively than monetary rewards alone. In our illustrative study, participants complete artificial intelligence-personalized digital therapeutics training using CURATE.DTx, generating individualized learning trajectories. These are transformed into digital artworks and minted as nonfungible tokens given as a reward upon trial completion. This concept integrates gamification, personalization, and blockchain technology to support both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. We explore the implications for decentralized health care, long-term behavior change, and participant recognition in the context of preventive medicine and longevity science. Our aim is to encourage research into the use of digital incentives to transform the trial participant experience and promote sustained engagement in health interventions.

Indexed as

Clinical Trials as TopicMotivationArtificial IntelligenceDigital HealthDigital MediaHumansAIartificial intelligencebehavior changeclinical trial engagementdecentralized health caredigital healthNFTnonfungible tokensparticipant incentives

Identifiers

PMID42258364
PMCPMC13245546

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.