ArticleNature photonics2026
Isotropic shrinkage of patterned vacancies enables three-dimensional nanoprecise metastructures for visible light applications.
Article in Nature photonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single-Pulse Femtosecond Laser 3D Multi-Foci Light-Field Engineering via Multi-Layer Noise Threshold Filtering.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Advances in Light-Driven Nanocrystal Assembly: From Two-Dimensional Patterning to Three-Dimensional Manufacturing.ACS materials Au · 2026Review
- Isotropic shrinkage of patterned vacancies enables three-dimensional nanoprecise metastructures for visible light applications.Nature photonics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Three-dimensional metastructures with nanoscale feature sizes exhibit unique properties compared with structures with larger feature sizes, but are difficult to fabricate. Here we introduce implosion carving (ImpCarv), a method for photopatterning vacancies of complex geometry throughout materials, followed by isotropic shrinkage (>10-fold). ImpCarv works by photoactivating sensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species that cleave a swollen hydrogel at defined points, followed by controlled shrinkage via dehydration. ImpCarv creates three-dimensional metastructures where the refractive index of each point throughout a material can be specified with nanoscale precision via material presence or absence. By leveraging refractive index programmability for precise phase control, we demonstrate an all-optical machine learning device with nanoscale neuron sizes operating at visible wavelengths. ImpCarv may thus support diverse applications in nanophotonics and nanotechnology.
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Registered trials
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