Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42257224›Full record

ArticleNature photonics2026

Strong ultrafast nonlinear optical response from megaelectronvolt electrons in semiconductors.

D Jeong, T R Hopper, Y Kim, X Shen, P L Kramer, M C Hoffmann, R Coffee, M Fejer, A M Lindenberg, C S Levin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature photonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

D JeongDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1139-0118
T R HopperDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5084-1914
Y KimDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.
X ShenSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6844-608X
P L KramerSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA.
M C HoffmannSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3596-9853
R CoffeeSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2619-8823
M FejerDepartment of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5512-1905
A M LindenbergDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3233-7161
C S LevinDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA.

Funding

A new direction to achieve ultra-fast timing for positron emission tomographyR01EB023903 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LEVIN, CRAIG S · 2017 to 2020
$2.5M
Novel optical detection methods for ultrafast positron emission tomography (PET)K99EB033408 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JEONG, DIANA · 2023 to 2024
$179k
NIBIB NIH HHS K99 EB033408NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB023903
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding radiation-matter interactions on ultrafast timescales is essential for radiation detection technologies, particularly those requiring precise timing, such as plasma monitoring, synchrotron diagnostics and medical imaging. However, the detection of highly ionizing radiation is challenging due to the stochastic nature of the interactions, resulting in dispersed energy deposition. Here we show a nonlinear optical response in semiconductors induced by 150-fs, 4.2-MeV electrons that generate highly localized charge carriers. The induced sub-10-ps optical modulation reached up to 24.5%, accompanied by a blueshift in the absorption edge consistent with band filling and carrier densities of 10

Indexed as

Nonlinear opticsUltrafast photonics

Identifiers

PMID42257224
PMCPMC13241307

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.