ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2026
Knowledge, attitude, and performance of primary healthcare physicians toward diagnosis and management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at PHC centers in Riyadh second health cluster, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated globally. Primary healthcare physicians (PHCPs) serving as critical gatekeepers for early detection and management. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers among PHCPs regarding ADHD diagnosis and management in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among primary healthcare physicians in the Riyadh Second Health Cluster from October to December 2024. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The instrument assessed demographic characteristics, ADHD knowledge (12 items), attitudes (four items), practice behaviors, confidence levels, and perceived barriers. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlations. Results: Of the 325 participating PHCPs, 181 (55.7%) were male and 144 (44.3%) female, with 165 (50.8%) aged 20-29 years and 210 (64.6%) with ≤5 years of experience. The mean knowledge score was 7.92 ± 1.84 of 12, with 135 (41.5%) demonstrating good knowledge. However, only 84 (26.0%) had diagnosed ADHD cases in the past year, 19 (6.0%) had prescribed treatment, and 175 (54.0%) referred patients to specialists. The mean confidence level was moderate (2.97 ± 0.91). High barriers were reported by 194 (59.7%) physicians, with predominantly limited training (78.2%), diagnostic complexity (72.0%), and limited resources (61.5%). Seminar attendance significantly improved knowledge scores (8.11 ± 1.84 vs. 7.54 ± 1.80, Conclusion: Despite moderate ADHD knowledge among primary care physicians, significant knowledge gaps existed, with low diagnostic engagement driven by training deficits and systemic barriers. Targeted educational interventions and system-level support are essential for enhancing the primary care ADHD capacity in Saudi Arabia.
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