Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42256665›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence reports2026

Service utilization patterns in cocaine use disorder: A data-driven study.

Carlotta Riemerschmid, Larissa Schwarzkopf, Gabriele Koller, Elena Gomes de Matos, Esther Neumeier, Sally Olderbak, Eva Hoch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carlotta RiemerschmidIFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, Munich 80804, Germany.
Larissa SchwarzkopfIFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, Munich 80804, Germany.
Gabriele KollerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
Elena Gomes de MatosIFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, Munich 80804, Germany.
Esther NeumeierIFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, Munich 80804, Germany.
Sally OlderbakIFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, Munich 80804, Germany.
Eva HochIFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Leopoldstrasse 175, Munich 80804, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Over the past decade, cocaine use disorders (CoUD) have become increasingly prevalent in Europe's outpatient addiction care settings. This study examines clinically meaningful subgroups among individuals seeking outpatient care for CoUD in Berlin, a metropolitan area with particularly high prevalence rates to inform treatment strategies. Methods: Using 2024 person-level routine data of the Berlin Addiction Care Statistical Service, latent class analyses (LCA) were conducted to identify subgroups among clients entering outpatient care with primary CoUD ( Results: A three-class solution best fitted the data: (1) CoUD-only (low comorbidity), (2) CoUD+Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD), and (3) CoUD+Multiple SUDs. The CoUD+AUD class was more likely to be employed and tertiary educated. The CoUD-only class showed more first-time treatment entries, shorter treatment duration, and lower rates of scheduled completion and symptom improvement. The CoUD+Multiple SUDs class showed comparable treatment outcomes to the CoUD-only class. Discussion: These findings underscore the importance of recognizing heterogeneity in care needs among individuals with CoUD. Tailored treatment approaches, including early-stage interventions for less complex cases and integrated strategies for those with comorbid SUDs, may enhance treatment effectiveness and optimize resource allocation.

Indexed as

CocaineCocaine dependenceCocaine treatmentComorbidityLatent class analysisOutpatient addiction careSubstance use disorders

Identifiers

PMID42256665
PMCPMC13241970

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.