Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42256620›Full record

ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2026

Bivalent RSVpreF effectiveness against RSV-associated hospital or emergency department care over two seasons: a retrospective test-negative case control study.

Sara Y Tartof, Negar Aliabadi, Evan Zasowski, Gabriella Goodwin, Jeff M Slezak, Vennis Hong, Timothy B Frankland, Bradley Ackerson, Qing Liu, Sally Shaw and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Sara Y TartofDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Negar AliabadiPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Evan ZasowskiPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Gabriella GoodwinDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Jeff M SlezakDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Vennis HongDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Timothy B FranklandKaiser Permanente Hawaii Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Bradley AckersonSouthern California Permanente Medical Group, Harbor City, CA, USA.
Qing LiuPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Sally ShawDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Sabrina WelshPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Banshri KapadiaDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Brigitte C SpenceDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Gregg S DavisDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Joseph A LewnardDivision of Epidemiology and Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, and Center for Computational Biology, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Hina ChowdhryDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Michael DutroPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Erica ChilsonPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Luis JodarPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Bradford D GessnerPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Elizabeth BegierPfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Since RSV vaccine licensure in 2023, vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies demonstrated first season protection against severe RSV disease including RSV-related hospitalization/emergency department (ED) visits. Here, we estimate VE over two seasons, by RSV subtype, and for additional high-risk subgroups. Methods: This retrospective test-negative case-control study included adults ≥60 years at Kaiser Permanente Southern California with lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) or acute respiratory illness (ARI) hospitalization/ED during 24 November 2023─09 April 2024 and 05 November 2024─26 April 2025. In primary analyses, cases were RSV-positive and controls were negative for: RSV, SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and positive for a non-vaccine-preventable pathogen. Exposure was bivalent RSVpreF receipt ≥21 days before LRTD/ARI. VE was calculated using adjusted odds ratios from multivariable logistic regression. "First season after vaccination" includes events in the same RSV season as vaccination; "second season" includes events in 2024-25 among those vaccinated in 2023-24. Findings: VE against RSV-associated LRTD hospitalizations/ED was 81% (95% CI: 68-89) and 76% (95% CI: 48-89) for first and second seasons after vaccination, respectively. Limiting to those vaccinated in 2023/2024, VE was 87% (95% CI: 37-97) 0-<6 and 77% (95% CI: 54-89) 6-18 months post-vaccination. Protection persisted across both seasons for adults aged ≥75 years, those with risk factors, frailty, immunocompromise, and by RSV A/B. VE in immunocompromised adults appeared to decrease more quickly: 74% (95% CI: 37-89) first season to 54% (95% CI: -48 to 85) second season. Interpretation: RSVpreF vaccination was associated with protection against RSV-associated severe respiratory illness, overall and among the most vulnerable patients. VE appeared to decline modestly across two seasons in most populations, this finding was more pronounced among immunocompromised adults. Our VE estimates indicate potentially substantial public health benefit of RSV vaccination. Funding: This was a Pfizer-sponsored study.

Indexed as

Acute respiratory infectionBivalent RSVPreFHospitalizationLower respiratory tract diseaseRespiratory syncytial virusRSVpreFTest-negativeVaccinationVaccine effectivenessVE

Identifiers

PMID42256620
PMCPMC13235526

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.