ArticleJAMIA open2026
Disparities in digital information exchange and interoperability among family medicine physicians in the United States.
Article in JAMIA open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study examines disparities in the use of interoperability features within the EHR among family medicine physicians in the United States, particularly in areas with higher social deprivation index and rural settings. Materials and Methods: Using data from the 2022 American Board of Family Medicine Continuous Certification Questionnaire, we assessed the association between self-reported interoperability and social deprivation. Results: Adjusting for other confounders, there is a noticeable trend of declining odds to report utilizing key interoperability features associated with higher social deprivation, including receiving and sending information, and having patient information available that are external to their organization. Family medicine physicians are more likely to report sending electronic information when collaborating with local public health agencies (OR = 1.573). They also have higher odds of reporting the integration electronic information when partnering with behavioral health agencies (OR = 1.838) and schools (OR = 1.742). Exploratory analyses show that rural family medicine physicians may have significantly lower odds of reporting sending (OR = 0.0891), searching (OR = 0.362), and having external patient encounters available (OR = 0.0774) compared to urban physicians, though the small sample size ( Discussion: Providers serving populations with higher social deprivation and practice in rural areas may face unique challenges regarding digital information exchange and interoperability. Programs and structures should facilitate community collaborations, such as partnerships with local public health agencies, schools, and behavioral health organizations, that were associated with improved odds of interoperability. Conclusion: Seamless information exchange is crucial for reducing health disparities and improving care coordination, particularly within family medicine as a frontline point of patient care. Further research should examine how family physicians can leverage funding and partnerships to enhance interoperability and digital access, and assess their impact on reducing disparities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.