Pharmacist roles across the space mission pathway.

The advancement of human space exploration presents unprecedented healthcare challenges, and heightens the need for specialized pharmaceutical care across the distinct timelines of a space mission. Despite growing interest in integrating pharmacists into space healthcare, their roles remain largely generalized, not tailored to the specific demands of pre-mission preparation, in-mission operations, and post-mission recovery. Each phase introduces unique challenges, including microgravity, radiation, and the constraints of long-duration missions, which can compromise drug stability, alter pharmacokinetics, and impact astronaut health. This commentary addresses these gaps, proposing a timeline-based approach to pharmacist involvement in space missions to ensure tailored healthcare delivery at every stage. These approaches will not only enhance astronaut health and mission outcomes but will also contribute to advancing healthcare practices on Earth. Future efforts should focus on operationalizing these frameworks to optimize pharmacotherapy in space exploration.