Flaw Sensitivity of Tough and Self-Healing Hydrogels with Hierarchical Structure.

Reina Watanabe, Haruna Tsuchibora, Ryuji Kiyama, Kunpeng Cui, Xueyu Li

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

High Entanglement in Hydrogels: From Polymer Physics to Robust Mechanics.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Reina WatanabeLaboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.

Haruna TsuchiboraLaboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.

Ryuji KiyamaLaboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-4980

Kunpeng CuiDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-1158

Xueyu LiLaboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-1509

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unintentional flaws in materials dramatically reduce their strength and lifespan once they exceed a critical size. Compared to brittle materials such as glass and ceramics, viscoelastic hydrogels, as soft materials, exhibit a much greater length of flaw sensitivity length. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern flaw sensitivity in viscoelastic materials is crucial for optimizing their applications and designing tough materials. Herein, we use viscoelastic polyampholyte hydrogels as a model system to investigate how the hierarchical structure, including the transient network, primary network, and bicontinuous phase-separated structure, affects the flaw sensitivity length (

Indexed as

birefringencecrack bluntingflaw sensitivityhierarchical structureviscoelastic

Identifiers

PMID42256388

DOI10.1021/polymscitech.5c00018

PMCPMC13052672

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.