Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42256207›Full record

ArticleMolecular therapy. Oncology2026

mRNA-LNP vaccine providing antigen and co-stimulation in the tumor microenvironment enhances CAR T cell function (CART-Vac).

Ikumi Nakashima, Shoji Saito, Jingbo Zhao, Miyuki Tanaka, Eiichi Akahoshi, Aiko Hasegawa, Mitsuko Sugano-Ishihara, Shigeki Yagyu, Yozo Nakazawa

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Molecular therapy. Oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ikumi NakashimaDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
Shoji SaitoDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
Jingbo ZhaoDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
Miyuki TanakaDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
Eiichi AkahoshiCorporate Laboratory, Toshiba Corporation, Komukai-Toshiba 1, Saiwai-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 212-8582, Japan.
Aiko HasegawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
Mitsuko Sugano-IshiharaCorporate Laboratory, Toshiba Corporation, Komukai-Toshiba 1, Saiwai-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 212-8582, Japan.
Shigeki YagyuCenter for Advanced Research of Gene and Cell Therapy, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
Yozo NakazawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite advances in multimodal therapies, outcomes for pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory cancers remain poor. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated limited efficacy in solid tumors due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which promotes T cell exhaustion and restricts CAR T cell expansion. This study evaluated a combinatorial approach to enhance CAR T function by reprogramming the TME to overexpress target antigens (TAs) and co-stimulatory molecules (CSMs) through a lipid nanoparticle-based CAR-T vaccination (CART-Vac). As proof of concept, rhabdomyosarcoma cells (Rh30) engineered to overexpress TAs and CSMs (Rh30-TACS) were examined. EPHB4-directed CAR T cells demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity, proliferation, and cytokine secretion

Indexed as

chimeric antigen receptorco-stimulatory moleculesEPHB4gene therapyintratumor injectionlipid nanoparticlesmRNArhabdomyosarcomatarget antigensvaccine

Identifiers

PMID42256207
PMCPMC13233755

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.