ArticleMolecular therapy. Oncology2026
CpG 1018 augments mRNA vaccine-induced anti-tumor immunity by potentiating CD8+ T cell responses.
Article in Molecular therapy. Oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Personalized neoantigen mRNA vaccines showed good efficacy in treating metastatic melanoma, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer in early phase clinical trials. Strategies are needed to further enhance neoantigen mRNA vaccine-induced anti-tumor immunity. This study explored conventional adjuvant co-administration to enhance mRNA vaccine-induced anti-tumor immunity. We found a clinically used CpG 1018 adjuvant was highly effective to enhance ovalbumin (OVA) and neoantigen mRNA-induced T cell responses and anti-tumor immunity in B16F10-OVA melanoma models. Mechanistic studies found CpG 1018 mainly enhanced dendritic cell maturation and local cytokine/chemokine release but not mRNA translation. mRNA vaccine in the presence of CpG 1018 induced significantly higher levels of Granzyme B, IFNγ, and TNFα-secreting CD8+ T cells as compared to mRNA vaccine alone. We further found that potent anti-tumor immunity was associated with increased tumor-infiltration of CD8+ T cells and positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating CD8+ to CD4+ T cell ratios. Cell depletion studies found CD8+ T cells rather than CD4+ T cells or NK cells played crucial roles in CpG 1018-augmented mRNA vaccine efficacy. CpG 1018-adjuvanted mRNA vaccine induced transient body weight loss (<6%) with an overall good safety. Our data warrant further investigation of CpG 1018-adjuvanted neoantigen mRNA vaccine for potentially better tumor therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.