ArticleJSES international2026
Are shoulder and elbow surgeons well represented? A national analysis of shoulder and elbow faculty numbers in orthopedic residency programs.
Article in JSES international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Orthopedic surgery residents commonly rotate through various subspecialty services to receive a well-rounded training experience. In programs without dedicated shoulder and elbow faculty, the training experience for residents is generally supplemented through other rotations such as sports and hand surgery. The purpose of this study is to characterize national trends in the representation of shoulder and elbow surgeons within orthopedic residency program faculty. To this end, a cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the faculty registry of accredited orthopedic surgery residency programs in the United States. We hypothesize that shoulder and elbow fellowship-trained faculty is currently under-represented in training programs around the country. Methods: All Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited orthopedic surgery residency programs were identified. All listed orthopedic surgery faculty were reviewed, and their fellowship training was recorded if it included fellowship training in shoulder and elbow, hand, or sports medicine surgery. Each identified faculty member was searched in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) membership directory and faculty members were characterized based on geography and ASES membership type status. Results: Of the 196 ACGME-accredited orthopedic surgery residency programs evaluated, 33% (65/196) of those programs did not have an ASES member listed on staff. Across all membership categories combined, the Middle Atlantic region had the highest representation with 101 members, followed by the South Atlantic (61) and East North Central (49). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that one-third of ACGME-accredited orthopedic surgery residency programs in the United States have no ASES member on their faculty list. Additionally, there are large regional disparities in terms of ASES and shoulder and elbow fellowship-trained surgeon representation in residency programs. This raises questions about the level of mentorship residents receive from ASES members and shoulder and elbow fellowship-trained faculty.
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