Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42255282›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in digital health2026

Understanding the value of virtual care technologies: development of a framework in the veterans health administration.

Timothy P Hogan, Bella Etingen, Nicholas McMahon, Gabriel Escudero, Saige Calkins, Angie Moussa, Cindie Slightam, Donna Zulman, Stephanie L Shimada, Stephanie A Robinson and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in digital health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Timothy P HoganeHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States.
Bella EtingeneHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States.
Nicholas McMahoneHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States.
Gabriel EscuderoeHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States.
Saige CalkinseHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States.
Angie MoussaeHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States.
Cindie SlightamCenter for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, United States.
Donna ZulmanCenter for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, United States.
Stephanie L ShimadaeHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States.
Stephanie A RobinsoneHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States.
Mark S ZocchieHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States.
Nilesh ShahOffice of Connected Care, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, United States.
Leonie HeyworthOffice of Connected Care, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, United States.
Terry J NewtonOffice of Connected Care, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare systems, including the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), are facing tremendous growth in virtual care technologies that are intended to foster connections between patients, informal caregivers, and healthcare team members. The adoption of some of these virtual care technologies was accelerated by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the need to more comprehensively and rigorously assess the impacts of such technologies. An encompassing framework that represents the universe of outcomes relevant to virtual care technologies and can inform related measurement is necessary to understand such impacts in depth. Such a framework can inform how, where, and when these technologies may have the most impact, and by extension, contribute the most value. This article describes the participatory and literature-based development of a Value Framework reflecting the potential value of virtual care technologies for VHA healthcare stakeholder groups and the VHA healthcare system. Methods: We pursued a combination of participatory co-design approaches involving key stakeholders representing different domains of expertise in VHA and completed a targeted scoping review of 96 prior randomized clinical trials funded by VHA to identify and describe outcomes related to virtual care technologies. Findings from these activities were synthesized and used to inform the Value Framework's organization. Results: The Framework is comprised of five primary value categories reflective of healthcare's Quintuple Aim: 1. Experiences of Care, 2. Access to and Utilization of Quality Healthcare, 3. Population Health, 4. Costs, and 5. Equity. Each of these primary value categories includes subcategories and sets of distinct outcomes related to the adoption and use of virtual care technologies. Discussion: Since its development, VHA has adopted this Value Framework to inform efforts in evaluating and communicating the impacts of its portfolio of virtual care technologies. The Value Framework may offer researchers and healthcare organizations a tool that can support the development of a cumulative evidence base regarding the value of virtual care technologies.

Indexed as

digital healthevaluationframeworkhealth care and managementhealth information technologiesvalueveteransvirtual care

Identifiers

PMID42255282
PMCPMC13234865

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.