ReviewRSC advances2026
Therapeutic exosomes in cancer: efficacy and safety perspectives.
Review in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential signalling mediators within biological systems, playing a vital role in cell-to-cell communication. In cancer research, exosomes (a subpopulation of EVs that originate from endosomes) have become the most highlighted area of study in the current decade. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) participate in tumor development and cancer progression. They regulate tumor cell growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and organ-specific metastasis. The molecular signatures of exosomes, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, play a crucial role in cancer development and hold significantly promising biomarkers for cancer. Beyond their pathological role, EVs offer a cell-free platform for the development of therapeutic methods for cancer. This phenomenon is having a huge impact compared to cell-based therapy by overcoming several limitations, such as toxicity, high cost, and effectiveness. Multiple therapeutic exosome sources are available, including stem cell-derived exosomes, plant-derived exosomes, immune cell-derived exosomes, and modified exosomes. Compared with conventional cell-based therapies, exosome-based strategies present several advantages, including reduced toxicity, biocompatibility, improved stability, and specificity. Multiple therapeutic exosomes sources are available, including stem cell-derived exosomes, plant cell-derived exosomes, immune cell-derived exosomes, milk-derived exosomes, bacteria-derived exosomes, and modified/engineered exosomes. The therapeutic impact of these exosomes is strongly influenced by multiple factors, such as their cellular origin, heterogeneity, inner cargos, surface charge, surface composition and physicochemical properties. This review discusses the current limitations, key challenges and future perspectives related to exosome-based therapeutics with particular emphasis on the comparative and translational potential of different exosome sources.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.